This study examines women’s representation in Nigeria’s legislative arm of government in recent years, comparing it with the developments being witnessed in the United States. It explores how for instance Nigeria continues to record less than 5% female representation in its National Assembly over the years, different from what is obtained in the 119th U.S. Congress sworn in early 2025 and reached a historic milestone of 155 women legislators (26 senators and 129 representatives). This marks a steady rise from 149 in the previous Congress. It based its analysis within this comparative framework by examining the institutional, legal, and socio-cultural determinants of women’s legislative representation in Nigeria and the United States. The research seeks to understand why women’s representation in Nigeria remains disproportionately low despite decades of gender advocacy and legal reforms, while in the United States, steady progress has been achieved under a relatively similar democratic ethos.