Disclosure Requirement

All authors are required to provide a full and transparent disclosure of any actual or potential conflicts of interest at the time of manuscript submission. This information assists the Editor-in-Chief and editorial board in making fair, unbiased, and ethical editorial decisions.

The journal reserves the right to:

1. Use the disclosed information during the peer-review and editorial decision-making process;
2. Publish disclosed conflicts of interest alongside the article to inform readers; or
3. Decline publication if a declared conflict is deemed to compromise the integrity, objectivity, or credibility of the research.

Conflicts of interest must be declared either:

1. In the covering letter, and/or
2. Through the journal’s online manuscript submission system.

Types of Conflicts of Interest

Potential conflicts of interest may include, but are not limited to:

1. Employment or leadership positions
2. Consultancies or advisory roles
3. Membership in advocacy or interest groups
4. Research grants or institutional funding
5. Fees, honoraria, or paid expert testimony
6. Patents (planned, pending, or issued)
7. Royalties or licensing agreements
8. Stock, share, or equity ownership

Both financial and non-financial conflicts must be disclosed if they could reasonably be perceived to influence the work.

Funding Acknowledgement

Authors must clearly and fully acknowledge all sources of financial support for the research, including grant numbers, funding agencies, institutional support, or sponsorships. If no funding was received, this must be explicitly stated.

Disclosure Statement in Manuscript

A dedicated Conflict of Interest / Disclosure Statement must be included within the manuscript, preferably under the Acknowledgments or a separate Declarations section.

Sample Disclosure Statements

1.With conflict

In accordance with Anfo Publication House ethical publishing standards, the author(s) declare that they have financial and/or professional relationships with organizations that may have an interest in the subject matter of this manuscript. These interests have been fully disclosed to the journal, and appropriate measures have been taken to manage any potential conflicts.

2.Without conflict

The author(s) declare that there are no known financial, professional, or personal conflicts of interest that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Editorial Responsibility

Anfo Publication House is committed to maintaining the highest standards of publication ethics, transparency, and academic integrity in accordance with international best practices recommended by indexing bodies such as Scopus, HeinOnline, COPE, and ICMJE.

Failure to disclose relevant conflicts of interest may result in manuscript rejection, retraction of published articles, or other corrective actions as deemed necessary by the editorial board.