Legal Arrangements and the Position of the Parties to Digital Works Represented in the form of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTS)
Abstract
The development of digital technology has given rise to Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) as representations of digital copyrighted works that possess economic value and can be traded through blockchain networks. This development raises legal issues concerning the regulation of copyrighted work represented in the form of NFT and the legal status of creators, minters, and NFT owners in relation to copyright. This study aims to analyze the legal regulation of digital copyrighted works represented in the form of NFT and the legal status of the parties involved in the creation and transactions of NFT under Indonesian law. This study employs normative legal research using a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. The results show that digital copyrighted works represented by NFT remain protected by copyrighted by copyright insofar as they fulfil the requirements of protected works under Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright. However, NFT can’t automatically be equated with digital copyrighted works, rather NFT are digital tokens representing a copyrighter work. Ownership of a NFT doesn’t automatically result in the transfer of copyright, as copyright transfer must be based on a valid legal relationship. Therefore, creators, minters, and NFT owners have different legal statuses and rights according to their respective legal relationship. Accordingly, each NFT transaction should expressly determine the rights attached to the NFT and the copyright in order to provide legal certainty for the parties.
How to Cite This Article
Ni Kadek Neva Rastina Meirani, Made Aditya Pramana Putra (2026). Legal Arrangements and the Position of the Parties to Digital Works Represented in the form of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTS) . International Journal of Judicial Law (IJJL), 5(5), 79-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54660/IJJL.2026.5.5.79-85