The doctrine of separation of powers is one of the most significant principles in constitutional and political theory, designed to prevent the concentration of power and to ensure accountability, liberty, and the rule of law. It divides governmental powers among three organs—the Legislature, the Executive, and the Judiciary—each functioning independently within its domain while maintaining a system of checks and balances. This doctrine, originating in ancient Greece and crystallized in the writings of Montesquieu, has been adopted in various forms by democratic nations. In India, although not explicitly enshrined in the Constitution, the doctrine finds implicit presence through Articles 50, 121, 122, 211, and 361. The Indian model reflects a system of separation accompanied by coordination rather than rigid compartmentalization. This research paper examines the origin, evolution, theoretical foundations, judicial interpretations, and practical application of the doctrine in the Indian context, highlighting its relevance in modern governance and constitutional democracy.